Young Australians & the U.N Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Young Australians & the U.N - Essay Example I know my input can help shape the community and make a difference to other young people. Being a Committee member will give the individual a valuable opportunity to build their skill base by gaining leadership experience, an in-depth knowledge of the youth sector, and build networks within the business and community sector.† (Adam Smith, Deputy Chair of The Foundation for Young Australians). Also United Nations Youth Associations of Australia is a significant voice for the youth of Australia. They play an important role in the education of every youth as each individual is looked upon as the next leader of the country. Youth speak are between the age group of 12 to 25years. Ben Groom the elected Australian youth representative to the United Nations Spent five months traveling around Australia and collecting issues to be represented at the UN. The Australian Youth Representative to the United Nations is a member of the Australian Delegation to the United Nations General Assembly in New York. Once selected, the Youth Representative has the challenging but amazing task of consulting with a substantial proportion of Australia’s youth population. The broad goal of the consultation phase is to equip the Youth Representative with a comprehensive mandate of youth representation that may be outside the normal scope of their experiences as a young person. This will assist greatly in the preparation of the Youth Representative’s address to the General Assembly. (Australian Youth Representative to UN, 2007) Ben Groom is the 2007 Australian youth Representative to the UN. On 9th October Ben addressed the UN and the issues represented were due to insufficient rains many were facing drought. â€Å"Young people are the most effective agents of change. The world can harness this energy by strengthening the role of education and training in global climate change solutions. Australian youth have already proven we can

Discuss Friel’s presentation Essay Example for Free

Discuss Friel’s presentation Essay In the time ‘Dancing at Lughnasa’ was set Gerry and Chris’s relationship would have been extremely unorthodox and would have circulated a lot of town gossip. Having a child out of wedlock was extremely shocking and making the decision to then keep Michael even more so. In 1936 women had very few rights and with the shock of Michael being born only the towns respect for their brother, a missionary, kept them from being societal lepers. Friel presents the relationship between Gerry and Chris by using stage directions to show the true feelings between them and how their relationship is sustained. Having Gerry and Chris talking in the garden while the four other sisters are inside listening intently shows how little privacy the two have in their relationship. When Gerry first arrives Chris appears extremely cold and offhand in front of him using one word answers ‘Chris: Hello, Gerry†¦ yes†¦yes. ’ All of this gives the impression that she has very little time for him and doesn’t particularly care about him. However Friel’s staging shows the audience that she really does care because we see her reaction before Gerry comes on stage. Friel portrays her as standing stock still in shock then, when coming to her senses, rushing around panicking, ‘adroitly adjusts her hair and clothes. ’ It is the panic before the extract that shows her much Chris truly does care about Gerry and also about how little the sisters have in their lives due to the their scramble to make themselves presentable. This highlights how Gerry is a key romantic figure in the play because even though all the while the sisters are saying ‘Kate: He won’t stay the night here’ and ‘Rose: I hate him!’ they still all end up crowding around the window to listen in and watch, suggesting that though disapproving they still half wish to be in Chris’s shoes. The social constraints of the situation lead them to wanting Gerry out of the families lives, but still the desire is there through the constant comments. These comments are key to the suggestion of an invasion of privacy, ‘Maggie: you should see the way she’s looking at him†¦Kate: they’re not still talking are they? ’ Friel is trying to show how hard it must be for Gerry and Chris to live in such an enclosed area where everyone knows everyone’s business, thus exploring a theme of romance, or lack of romance. This is continued throughout the extract, the fact that Gerry never visits ‘Chris: 13 months’ making the relationship seem very one sided Chris remembering the last visit to the day while Gerry can’t remember the month. Gerry proposes to Chris at the very end of the extract and this gives a sign that maybe he does care about her. Even though Chris turns him down there is still the slight remembrance of this moment throughout the rest of the play, leading to the audiences opinion that maybe Gerry does truly care for Chris despite leaving her alone with child. However through Michael’s narrative closer to the end of the play in the second act we find out that Gerry already had ‘a wife and three grown children’, Friel choosing to leave this revelation till the end to produce a far more dramatic climax to their relationship. It is then that the audience realises that Gerry never intended to marry Chris and only offered in the knowledge that she would refuse. This all gives the impression that there is never any real closeness or intimacy for the two of them and the whole summer of happiness before, ‘suddenly he takes her in his arms and dance. ’ was a lie. A large influence on Friel when writing ‘Dancing at Lughnasa’ was the changing role of women in society. Thatcher had just been Prime Minister and women’s rights were becoming much more accepted in the 1990’s, perhaps why Friel chose to make this such a large part of the play. Set in 1936 the Mundy sisters would not have been at all accepted by society with Chris having Michael out of wedlock and then deciding to keep him. Changing attitudes within society would have influenced Friel’s interpretation of Chris and Gerry’s relationship. Friel depicted this family as an example of what is yet to come, the sisters supported Chris throughout and after her pregnancy even though it went against societies beliefs, thus inflicting Chris’s embarrassment upon themselves as well yet still sticking together as a family. Friel emphasizes that women should have the right to do as they please through the disruption of outside influences. At the beginning of the play the sisters are happy in their little bubble making jokes about the outside world ‘Maggie: steady on girl, today its lipstick; tomorrow it’s the gin bottle’ although never participating in it. It’s when they begin to allow others into their circle that things begin to go down hill for them. Before Gerry’s arrival they were all dancing and laughing but his arrival marked a change for them all, Friel perhaps suggesting that women don’t need the influences of men and all they bring with them is destruction. Danny Bradley and Rose are another example of this, the death of Rose’s defenceless white rooster is symbolic of mans predatory nature and the violence of this act implies violence between Rose and Bradley. Therefore Friel is portraying women as stronger without the male interference, Chris and Gerry’s relationship is used to highlight this as it is obvious to the audience that Chris would have been better off without Gerry in the first place but it is this continued procrastinating relationship that truly destroys her. The audience views Chris and Gerry’s relationship with trepidation throughout the play due to Friel’s depiction of him as a stereotypical womaniser. Kate calls him a ‘Loafer! Wastrel! ’ but conveniently neglects to mention the obvious charisma he has. In a short few minutes of conversation he has turned Chris from cold and unwelcoming ‘Chris: Thirteen months. ’ To one who is warm and laughing and allows Gerry to ‘dance her lightly, elegantly across the garden. ’ The audience views this exchange with surprise having heard only very negative things about Gerry from the sisters; the easy acceptance from Chris confuses them. The audience’s mistrust of Gerry’s character increases after the small discussion of Agnes between the two. Having already seen Agnes’s rigid, almost forced disinterest in Gerry, and then to have Gerry asking specifically after her Friel creates a slight unease for the audience, suggesting that something may have between the two of them. This leads to the audience beginning to see the cracks in the family’s foundations with Gerry seemingly at the centre of this. Friel enforces this idea of him being a womaniser later in act 2 when he begins to flirt with Agnes ‘Gerry: Dance with me Agnes.’ and then kisses her forehead, all of this watched by Chris. The audience begins to really mistrust Gerry at this point as it is obvious that he is the cause of conflict between the family they have come to love. The audience is seeing men in a bad light which relates to the feelings at the time it was being performed when the term ‘glass ceiling’ was coming into existence, women in the workplace being oppressed by men and now, in the play, them to being oppressed in relationships. There is the feeling that men can get away with any sort of misdemeanour by just walking away, leaving, whereas women i.  e. Chris, are always left with the result – a baby. Gerry’s carrying on represents this stereotypical male so that when the audience discovers that Gerry in fact has ‘a wife and three grown children’ it comes as no surprise. In conclusion, Friel presents Gerry and Chris’s relationship as something parallel to that of a pre 1990’s relationship. He wants to suggest to the audience that women no need longer depend on men by showing how much better off the Mundy sisters were before the arrival of Gerry and the conflict he brought within the family. Although the influences on Friel were all about the empowerment of women, he presents Gerry and Chris’s relationship with Gerry as the dominant figure, putting the play in the context of its setting and to show how the male dominance was a cause of the family breaking down. Through his presentation of the relationship he is evoking the idea that there are more possibilities available to an empowered women rather than a dominated one.

Dead Sea :: essays research papers

General Purpose: To inform Specific purpose: The audience will know that the Dead Sea is devoid of all plant and aquatic life, why the sea is so salty and the health benefits. Thesis or central idea: The Dead Sea has a unique environment Main Points: a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Sea is one of the saltiest bodies of water anywhere b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Sea is devoid of all plant and aquatic life c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Sea area has become a major center for health research and treatment Introduction: You know why they call it the dead sea? Because absolutely nothing live in it. It is some of the salties water anywhere in the world. My love for geology grew out of an experience with a friend whos child was doing a earth science project on plate tectonics and needed help. I’ll never forget the name of the book â€Å"Earth in Motion† it left a lasting impression on me and led me to study more on this subject. I’ve been reading about this for approximately 10 years and am always amazed at the new material I find . My latest discovery was that the Dead Sea is one of the salties bodies of water anywhere, that it is devoid of all plant and aquatic life and that it has become a major center for health research and treatment. I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Sea is one of the salties bodies of water anywhere A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Sea is completely landlocked B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Sea is continually fed water from the rivers and streams coming down off the mountains that surround it. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  No river drains out of the Dead Sea 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only way water gets out of the sea is through evaporation II.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Sea is devoid of all plant and aquatic life A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The water in the Dead Sea is deadly to most living things B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though the Sea is deadly to most living things humans are remarkably adaptable to the seas salty conditions. Humans can swim is the Dead Sea, just like they swim in the ocean 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Humans don’t really swim in the sea, instead they just â€Å"hang out 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Because of th extremely high concentration of disolved mineral salts in the water its density is way more that that of fresh water, which means are bodies are more buoyant in the Dead Sea. III.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Sea area has become a major center for health research and treatment A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dead Seas deep black clayey sediment, previously covered with water at times of higher sea level, are being mined for therapeutic purposes and for the preparation of cosmetic products under the name ‘Black Mud’.

Victor Frankenstein Or His Creature English Literature Essay

Frankenstein besides known as the â€Å" Modern Prometheus † a celebrated Gothic novel, foremost published in 1818 by Mary Shelley, born august 30th 1797 and married at 16 to the well known poet: Percy Bysshe Shelley, who published the verse form ; â€Å" Prometheus † in July 1816. A The novel is set around the cultural and historical events that took topographic point during the late 18th and early nineteenth century. Shelley was reflecting on the alterations that she had experienced in her ain life. At the clip Europe was traveling through great alteration: the industrial revolution, civil war, progresss in scientific discipline and doctrine ; a period known as the Romantic Movement. The fresh uses an embedded narrative manner ; it is narrated by three characters. A great adventurer Captain Robert Walton narrates the narrative through letters to his sister: Margaret Saville, who lives back in England. Victor Frankenstein a Swiss scientist who retells the events of his work, where he created a animal from lifeless organic structure parts and in conclusion, the animal, who so seeks retaliation from him after being abandoned and rejected by society. In this essay, I will be discoursing the different techniques that Shelley uses to construct up the reader ‘s understanding for the animal every bit good as understanding for Frankenstein.AMain Body:First, Shelley creates understanding for the animal throughout the fresh utilizing techniques such as linguistic communication, imagination and strategic repeat of the cardinal descriptions of its actions, which largely represent its agony. She shows the reader that the monster has good grounds to be pitied, by disregarding its offenses. A At the beginning of the 5th chapter, when the monster is being created Shelley describes the ambiance as â€Å" a drab dark † making understanding through the usage of â€Å" Hapless false belief † . This evokes different thoughts for the reader proposing that the animal may non be who Frankenstein is anticipating him to be. It is subsequently used in the 16th chapter to mirror the animal ‘s temper: â€Å" nature decayed around me and the Sun became heatless. â€Å" A Shelley uses metaphors: â€Å" conditions and Nature † to bode the coming events. The reader is made to believe that this is true, based on Frankenstein ‘s colored point of position: â€Å" I saw a dull yellow oculus of the animal unfastened † and â€Å" How can I depict my emotions at this calamity†¦ the wretch. Victor is so horrified at what he has created that he decides to run off from taking duty, he describes his work as a waste of â€Å" remainder † and â€Å" wellness † filled with such sorrows: â€Å" but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and dyspneic horror and disgust filled my bosom. † The usage of negative linguistic communication, gives an indicant to the reader that, the so called: â€Å" monster † is really really harmful and should be feared, but at the same clip creates sympathy for its Godhead as his dream has formed a incubus. A Additionally, in the ten percent chapter the reader is introduced to the character of the animal during its confrontation with Victor ; responding to the horror of what he has created he vilifies the monster stating: â€Å" Devil†¦ be gone despicable insect! Or instead stay, that I may tread you to dust! † A Here, although the reader can understand how Frankenstein feels, it is clear that his reaction is inappropriate ; after all he created the animal and should take duty for his actions. The animal bearing no maliciousness aforethought answers merely by saying: â€Å" I expected this response. † Deriving the readers sympathy through its presentation of composure, it shows that no affair how it has been treated by humanity it can still demo the better traits of humanity. A This is emphasised strongly in the undermentioned quotation mark: â€Å" All work forces hate the wretched ; how so, must I be hated, who am suffering beyond all living things! Yet you, my Godhead, detest and reject me, thy animal, to whom thou art edge by ties merely dissolvable by the obliteration of one of us. † Here the animal backs up his statement through the usage of authorization, demoing how confident he is and by saying: â€Å" You purpose to kill me. How daring you sport therefore with life? Make your responsibility towards me, and I will make mine towards you and the remainder of world. If you comply I will go forth them and you at peace ; but if you refuse, I will gorge the trap of decease, until it be satiated with the blood of your staying friends. † The animal is demoing the reader his intelligence by utilizing interesting but complex words: â€Å" oversupply † and â€Å" Maw † which besides creates understanding because it shows that has h ad to larn from his experiences as his Godhead ne'er bothered to learn him anything. Furthermore, understanding is created for the monster throughout chapters eleven to sixteen when the monster is re- stating his experiences to master. In these few chapters the reader gets an penetration of the enduring the animal has endured. The animal negotiations about being deserted by humanity, giving a glance of what has motivated his offenses: † I am an unfortunate and abandoned animal, I look around and I have no relation or friend upon Earth. These good-humored people to whom I go have ne'er seen me and cognize little of me. I am full of frights, for if I fail at that place, I am an castaway in the universe forever. â€Å" The usage of strong affectional linguistic communication emphasises the animal ‘s feelings, he longs to be accepted by humanity, but everyplace he goes no human being seems to understand him. The animal begins to gain this that humans do non understand him, so he turns to nature for comfort: â€Å" The desert mountains and drab glaciers are my safety†¦ these black skied I hail, for they are kinder to me than your fellow existences. If the battalion of world knew of my being, they would make as you do, and arm themselves to for my devastation. Shall I non so detest them who abhor me? I will maintain no footings with my enemies. I am suffering, and they shall portion my misery. † A Here the reader sees two sides to the monster, they start to see hate fury and choler which shows that the animal does hold feelings and has good grounds for perpetrating the offenses ; he has tried to derive society ‘s credence and has failed so the lone option in his point of position is to take â€Å" retaliation † . In chapter 13, the monster erupts with choler and self-pity, as he inquiries his being: â€Å" but where were my friends and dealingss? no male parent had watched my infant yearss, no female parent had blessed me with smilings and caresses. † The subjects of friendly relationship and loneliness represent the animals ‘ bosom desires making understanding ; he longs to be loved and accepted by his Godhead, like a female parent and male parent would make for their kid. In contrast to this, the animal seeks a comrade ; person that can understand and tie in with him: â€Å" ‘I am entirely and suffering: adult male will non tie in with me ; but one as deformed and atrocious as myself would non deny herself to me. My comrade must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must make. † Here the animal tries to maintain the peace between himself and Frankenstein by giving him an option between life and decease for both himself and his friends and household, demoing how considerate a being he is despite how Frankenstein has treated him. In chapter 20 four in Walton ‘s last missive, the recount of the monster ‘s words spoken over Victor ‘s organic structure: â€Å" I, the suffering and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on. † Although this quotation mark may arouse the thought of abortion for the monster, who is unwanted and abandoned by his Godhead, it besides the issue that Frankenstein ‘s decease was most evidently caused by the animals pick of actions. The reader may get down inquiry: â€Å" did master deserve to decease this manner? † Additionally, the reader besides Sympathises the animal ‘s Godhead â€Å" master Frankenstein † Through the usage of powerful affectional linguistic communication such as: ‘parched with horror ‘ , ‘shuddering and torment ‘ , ‘anguish ‘ , ‘the agonising enduring that I endured ‘ , ‘my ravings aˆÂ ¦ were atrocious ‘ , ‘the monster by whom I was tormented ‘ and ‘screamed aloud with torment and terror'.A The reader begins to understand that Frankenstein ‘s looks of choler and hatred towards the monster are down to his experience of mental and physical unwellness. A In off, like â€Å" Prometheus † master stole the thought of creative activity from God and used it for his ain unadvised intents and is now get downing to endure the effects. In chapter five, after master has created the animal the reader sympathises on the fact that Frankenstein ‘s dream has now vanished before him: â€Å" For this I had deprived myself of remainder and wellness. I had desired it with an ardor that far exceeded moderateness ; but now that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and dyspneic horror and disgust filled my bosom. † Victor starts to demo marks of hurt ; mentally and physically, he falls into unwellness directly after his creative activity, bespeaking to the reader that non merely has the state of affairs it destroyed his dream, but it has besides began to destruct his wellness. A Looking back at one of Walton ‘s letters: â€Å" two † , Mary foreshadows the state of affairs Walton is sing to that of Victor: â€Å" I have no friend, Margaret: when cubic decimeter am glowing with the enthusiasm of success, there will be none to take part my joy ; if I am assailed by letdown, no 1 will endeavor to prolong me in dejection. † Associating the two together, the reader is made to sympathize with master, based on the fact that he pushed away all his friends and household to concentrate on his work. Still sing nil, but horror and letdown master narrates: A † Mingled with this horror, I felt the resentment of letdown ; dreamns that had been my nutrient and pleasant remainder for so long a infinite were now become a snake pit to me ; and the alteration was so rapid, the overthrow so complete! † the usage of strong negative feelings shows the reader how despairing Frankenstein feels about get awaying his letdowns ; he merely wants to bury everything but the disappointment supports stalking him. The animal ‘s statement adds on to his hurt: â€Å" Fix! Your labors merely begin. Wrap yourself in pelts and supply nutrient, for we shall shortly come in upon a journey where your agonies will fulfill my everlasting hatred. † A Sympathy is created in this quotation mark, as the animal is given a powerful speaking voice that shows that Frankenstein has no say in the state of affairs, he is being treated as a slave: A â€Å" Slave, I before reasoned with you, but you have proven yourself unworthy of my superciliousness. Remember that I have power ; you believe yourself suffering, but I can do you so wretched that the visible radiation of twenty-four hours will be hateful to you. You are my Godhead, but I am your maestro ; obey! † A The usage of linguistic communication, the repeat of words such as, â€Å" wretched † and â€Å" suffering † show the reader that the tabular arraies have now turned and Frankenstein is left with nil. Last, in chapter 10, Frankenstein is so overwhelmed by his experience that he begins to reflect on the state of affairs, by oppugning the intent of his life in the undermentioned citation: â€Å" We rest ; a dream has power to toxicant slumber. We rise ; one wand'ring idea pollutes the twenty-four hours. We feel, conceive or ground ; laugh or weep, Embrace fond suffering, or project our attentions off ; It is the same: for, be it joy or grieve, The way of its going still is free. Man ‘s yesterday may never be like his morrow ; Naught may digest but mutableness! † This last citation suggests to the reader that, Frankenstein ‘s beginning of doing himself experience better is to speak about his issues even though he knows it would n't alter the fortunes he got himself into.Decision:In decision from what has been presented in this essay, it is rather clear that the writer has created a platform whereas understanding can be attributed to both characters ; Frankenstein and his animal. This is represented in Walton ‘s last missive, when he re-tells the animal ‘s words: â€Å" Still I desired love and family, and I was still spurned†¦ . the suffering and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on. † And: â€Å" I have devoted my Godhead, the choice specimen of all that is worthy of love. † Her usage of composing techniques, such as affectional linguistic communication captures the reader ‘s bosom to sympathize with both characters, which makes the terminal of the narrative more interesting and thought provoking. Personally, although I can sympathize with each character, my paramount feelings thin towards the animal. This is because the animal had no pick in being given life and so be abandoned by his Godhead.

Drilling vs Solar Power

I choose solar power over drilling oil. I chose this â€Å"side† because drilling oil is hazardous to the environment. Solar energy is from energy directly from the sun’s radiation and Drilling is coming from below the ocean floor. The oil spill in the gulf 2010 was devastating to the environment and is still being looked at as one of the worst environmental disasters of all time. Solar power is better for the environment and we can use it for years to come. The key habits for hindering my thinking when looking at the opposing view, was stereotyping that oil drilling is not safe and causes a lot of problems for the environment because of what I heard in the news. I was also was resistance to change, I don’t like change but when it comes to the environment I believe we have to stand up for what we believe in. I also used the â€Å"mine is better habit† where I thought my opinion was the right one until I researched the topic. After researching I found out that oil spills can be devastating to wildlife. Drilling oil creates jobs which is influential for the economy. In return solar power is better for the environment because it uses natural process for energy. In order for solar energy to work you must have temperature, it is an important factor that may affect the performance of solar power. I still believe that solar power is more beneficent because we are protecting our wild life and environment. What I can do to overcome my habits hindering my thinking is to not be resistant to change. Try and not believe that my opinion is the right one, I have to do my research so I can back up what I am saying. Try not to stereotype that all drilling is bad. I need to examine my first impression of the problems and issues. I need to research all views of the situation and then determine what is best. I did research benefits of solar power and drilling and then researched the disadvantages of both I stand by my choice that if I had to choose between the two I would still choose solar power. I found both topics to be intriguing and informative.

Global Warming and Acid Rain Essay Example

Global Warming and Acid Rain Essay Example Global Warming and Acid Rain Paper Global Warming and Acid Rain Paper Light Energy is rapped and used to convert carbon dioxide, water, and other minerals into oxygen and energy rich organic compounds. Carbon Dioxide is emitted into the air as humans exhale, burn fossil fuels for energy, and deforest the planet. Every year humans add over 30 billion tons of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by these processes, and it is up thirty percent since 1750. An isolated test at Manna Lola in Hawaii revealed more than a 12% (316 pump in 1959 to 360 pump in 1 996) increase in mean annual concentration of carbon dioxide. Manna Lola, located in Hawaii, is the worlds largest volcano at 40,000 cubic km and 4,170 meters above sea level. Ice core samples have also shown a dramatic increase in carbon dioxide levels. Drilling deep into glaciers and polar ice caps and taking out samples of ice, then melting the ice and capturing the gas has shown an increase in carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 100 years. Ice core samples are essentially drilling through time, because the deeper the ice is, the older the ice is. In 1996, carbon dioxide world emissions increased by 2. 8%. The U. S. Reported a 3. 3% increase in CO concentrations. : The U. S. Continues to emit more than any other country in the world, accounting for 25% of all emissions. The European Union had an increase of 2. 2%, much larger than a small increase of 1 in 1995. Eastern Europe had a decreasing rate of -2. 4%. Chinas increase in 1996 was 4. 7%. Fossil Fuels were created chiefly by the decay of plants from millions of years ago. We use coal, oil and natural gas to generate electricity, heat our homes, power our factories and run Our cars. These fossil fuels contain carbon, and when they are burned, they combine with oxygen, forming carbon dioxide. The two atoms of oxygen add to the total weight. The World Energy Council reported that global carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels rose 2% between 1 990 and 1995. The increase from developing countries was three times that from developed countries. Middle East carbon dioxide emissions from burning of fossil fuels increased 35%, Africa increased 12%, and Eastern Europe increased rates by 75% from 1990-1995. The following pie chart gives the role of different major things in increasing the CO concentration in atmosphere: [pick] Methane Methane is a colorless, odorless, flammable gas. It is formed when plants decay and where there is very little air. It is often called swamp gas because it is abundant around water and swamps. Bacteria that breakdown organic tater in wetlands and bacteria that are found in cows, sheep, goats, buffalo, termites, and camels produce methane naturally. Since 1 750, methane has doubled, and could double again by 2050. Each year we add 350-500 million tons of methane to the air by raising livestock, coal mining, drilling for oil and natural gas, rice cultivation, and garbage sitting in landfills. It stays in the atmosphere for only 1 0 years, but traps 20 times more heat than carbon dioxide. Rice cultivation has developed into a large business; farmland has doubled in the past 45 years. It feeds 1/3 of the Worlds population. It grows mostly in looted fields, where bacteria in waterlogged soil releases methane. Livestock such as cows, sheep, goats, camels, buffaloes, and termites release methane as well. Bacteria in the gut of the animal break down food and convert some of it to methane. When these animals belch, methane is released. In one day, a cow can emit h pound of methane into the air. Imagine 1. Billion cattle each burping methane several times per minute! Nitrous Oxide Nitrous oxide is another colorless greenhouse gas, however, it has a sweet odor . It is primarily used as an anesthetic because it deadens pain and for this characteristic is called laughing gas. This gas is released naturally from oceans and by bacteria in soils. Nitrous oxide gas risen by more than 15% since 1750. Each year we add 7-13 million tons into the atmosphere by using nitrogen based fertilizers, disposing of human and animal waste in sewage treatment plants, automobile exhaust, and other Sources not yet identified. It is important to reduce emissions because the nitrous oxide we release today will still be trapped in the atmosphere 100 years from now. Nitrogen based fertilizer use has doubled in the past 15 years. These fertilizers provide nutrients for crops; however, when they breakdown in the soil, nitrous oxide s released into the atmosphere. In automobiles, nitrous oxide is released at a much lower rate than carbon dioxide, because there is more carbon in gasoline than nitrogen. IF raccoons Fluorocarbons is a general term for any group of synthetic organic compounds that contain fluorine and carbon. Many of these compounds, such as chlorofluorocarbons(CIFS), can be easily converted from gas to liquid or liquid to gas. Because of these properties, CIFS can be used in aerosol cans, refrigerators, and air conditioners. Studies in the 1 sass showed that when CIFS are emitted into the atmosphere, they break down molecules in he Earths ozone layer (World Book). Since then, the use of CIFS has significantly decreased and they are banned from production in the United States. The substitute for CIFS are hydrocephaluss (Huffs). Huffs do not harm or breakdown the ozone molecule, but they do trap heat in the atmosphere, making it a greenhouse gas, aiding in global warming. Huffs are used in air conditioners and refrigerators. The way to reduce emissions of this gas is to be sure that in both devices the coolant is recycled and all leaks are properly fixed. Also, before throwing the appliances away, be sure to recover the coolant in each. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING ; Natural ; Man-made Natural Causes Natural causes are causes that are created by nature. One natural cause is a release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands. Methane is a greenhouse gas and a very dangerous gas to our environment. A greenhouse gas is a gas that traps heat in the earths atmosphere. Another natural cause is that the earth goes through a cycle of climate change. This climate change usually lasts about 40,000 years. Some of the important causes are given below: Volcanic Eruptions Large volcanic eruptions can throw so much dust into the sky that the dust acts as a shield to solar radiation and causes a cooling trend in the atmosphere. You probably can t remember such an eruption as they are rare and infrequent occurrences. Sunspots Changes in the Earths solar radiation levels can have some impact on the Earth s climate. Increased solar activity can cause short-term warming cycles on the Earth. The Wobbly Earth As the Earth spins, it does not achieve perfect rotation. It actually wobbles slightly, thus alternately exposing the northern and southern latitudes to more and less solar radiation. This wobble in the Earths rotation has been causing changes in the temperature of the atmosphere for many millions of years. Ocean current changes Ocean current changes are also considered to be a natural cause of global warming, since the rise and fall of the current creates global change. Currents have a significant effect on heat changes around the earth. The effect of ocean current on heat changes, varies from region to region and this may be related to the rotation of the sun. Man-made Causes Man-made causes probably do the most damage. There are many man-made causes. Pollution is one of the biggest man-made problems. Pollution comes in many shapes and sizes. Burning fossil fuels is one thing that causes pollution. Fossil fuels are fuels made of organic matter such as coal, or oil. When fossil fuels are burned they give off a green house gas called CO. Also mining coal and oil allows methane to escape. Methane is naturally in the ground. When coal or oil is mined you have to dig up the earth a little. When you dig up the fossil fuels you dig up the methane as well. Another major man-made cause of Global Warming is population. More people means more food, and more methods of transportation, right? That means more methane because there will be more burning of fossil fuels, and more agriculture. Now your probably thinking, Wait a minute, you said agriculture is going to be damaged by Global Warming but now youre saying agriculture is going to help cause Global Warming? Well, have you ever been in a barn filled with animals and you smell something terrible? Youre smelling methane. Another source of methane is manure. Because more food is needed we have to raise food. Animals like cows are a source of food which means more manure and methane. Another problem with the increasing population is transportation. More people means more cars, and more cars means more pollution. Also, many people have more than one car. Since CO contributes to global warming, the increase in population makes the problem worse because we breathe out CO. Also, the trees that convert our CO to oxygen are being demolished because were using the land that we cut the trees down from as property for our homes and buildings. We are not replacing the trees (an important part of our CEO system), so we are constantly taking advantage of our natural resources and giving nothing back in return. CONSEQUENCES OF GLOBAL WARMING The effects, or impacts, of Global warming may be physical, ecological, social or economic. Physical impacts: The following are some of the physical impacts of the Global warming: Effects on weather Increasing temperature is likely to lead to increasing precipitation but the effects on storms are less clear. Extraterritorial storms partly depend on the temperature gradient, which is predicted to weaken in the northern hemisphere as the polar region warms more than the rest of the hemisphere. Let also affects Biochemicals cycles and hence disturb the ecological balance. Glacier retreat and disappearance It has been found that, on average, mountain glaciers and snow cover had decreased in both the northern and southern hemispheres. This widespread decrease in glaciers and ice caps has contributed to observed sea level rise. With very high or high confidence, numbers of predictions are made relating to future changes in glaciers: ; Mountainous areas in Europe will face glacier retreat ; In Latin America, changes in precipitation patterns and the disappearance of glaciers will significantly affect water availability for human consumption, agriculture, and energy production ; In Polar regions, there will be reductions in glacier extent and the thickness of glaciers. Temperature rise From 1 961 to 2003, the global ocean temperature has risen by 0. Co from the surface to a depth of 700 m. There is variability both year-to-year and over longer time scales, with global ocean heat content observations showing high rates of warming for 1 991 to 2003, but some cooling from 2003 to 2007. The temperature of the Antarctic Southern Ocean rose by 0. 17 Co (0. 31 OF) between the sass and the sass, nearly twice the rate for the worlds oceans as a whole. As well as having effects on ecosystems (e. G. By melting sea ice, affecting algae that grow on its underside), warming reduces the oceans ability to absorb CO. Socioeconomic scones ounces Socioeconomic impacts of global warming could be substantial depending on the actual temperature increases over the next century. Models predict that a net global warming of 1 to 3 Co (1. 8 to 5. 4 OF) beyond the late-20th-century global average would produce economic losses in some regions (particularly the tropics and high latitudes) and economic benefits in others. For warming beyond these levels, benefits would tend to decline and costs increase. For warming in excess of 4 Co (7. 2 OF), models predict that costs will exceed benefits on average, with global mean economic losses estimated between 1 and 5 percent of gross domestic product. Substantial disruptions could be expected under these conditions, specifically in the areas of agriculture, food and forest products, water and energy supply, and human health. Environmental consequences of global warming Global warming and climate change have the potential to alter biological systems. More specifically, changes to near-surface air temperatures will likely influence ecosystem functioning and thus the biodiversity of plants, animals, and other forms of life. The current geographic ranges of plant and animal species have been established by adaptation to long-term seasonal climate patterns. As global warming alters these patterns on timescales considerably shorter than those that arose in the past from natural climate variability, relatively sudden climatic changes may challenge the natural adaptive capacity of many species. It has been estimated that one-fifth to one-third of all plant and animal species are likely to be at an increased risk of extinction if global average surface temperatures rise another 1. 5 to 2. 5 Co (2. 7 to 4. 5 OF) by the year 2100. This temperature range falls within the scope of the lower emissions scenarios. Species-loss estimates climb to as much as 40 percent for a warming in excess of 4. Co (8. Level that could be reached in the Epics higher emissions scenarios. A 40 percent extinction rate would likely lead to major changes in the webs within ecosystems and have a destructive impact on ecosystem function. Other impacts include the destruction of many coastal wetlands, salt marshes, and mangrove swamps as a result of rising sea levels and the loss of certain rare and fragile habitats that are often home to specialist species that are unable to thrive in other environments. For example, certain amphibians limited to isolated tropical cloud forests either have become extinct already or are under serious wreath of extinction. Cloud forests-?tropical forests that depend on persistent condensation of moisture in the air-?are disappearing as optimal condensation levels move to higher elevations in response to warming temperatures in the lower atmosphere. STOPPING GLOBAL WARMING The biggest cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide released when fossil fuels such as oil and coal are burned for energy. So when you save energy, you fight global warming and save money, too. Here are some easy steps that you can take to help make a difference: Limit global warming pollution Raise your voice. Congress needs to enact new laws that cap carbon emissions and require polluters pay for the global warming gases that they produce. Send a message to your elected officials, letting them know that you will hold them accountable for what they do or fail to do about global warming. Green jobs and clean energy Choose renewable energy. Pick a Green-e-certified energy supplier that generates at least half of its power from wind, solar energy and other clean sources. If you dont have that option, look at your current electricity bill to see if you are able to support renewable energy in another way. For details, e Marcs guide to buying clean energy. Offset your carbon footprint. You can make up for your remaining carbon output by purchasing carbon offsets. Offsets represent clean power that you can add to the nations energy grid in place of power from fossil fuels. Not all offset companies are alike. See rouged to carbon offsets for tips on how to choose an offset supplier. Drive smarter cars Choose an efficient vehicle: High-mileage cars such as hybrids and plug-in hybrids use less gas and save money. Over its lifetime, a 40-MPEG car will save roughly $3,000 in fuel costs compared with a 20-MPEG car.

Impact of Internet on Company Operations

Impact of Internet on Company Operations Introduction Commercial use of the Internet and the World Wide Web is expanding at an astounding rate (Barnes Hunt 2012). As we move into the twenty-first century, the number of people using online services continues to grow. The same applies to the number of Web hosts. From a business perspective, nearly 90 per cent of all corporations now maintain a Web presence (Mills Law 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Internet on Company Operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hundreds of thousands of companies have begun exploiting the commercial potential of the Web and the market has evolved into a multi billion dollar economy. In all these, the Web has proved to be the catalyst responsible for launching the Internet into commerce (Barnes Hunt 2012). Evidence clearly indicates that in many areas, the Internet is having a positive impact on business competitiveness and profitability (Khosrow-Pour 2006, p. 954). So much attention is being paid to how the Internet is changing business, corporate relations, education, and work. This paper looks at how the Internet is impacting business operations, with specific reference to CPR Works which is an owner managed public relations company based in Birmingham, UK. Defining the Internet The Internet is a global network of interlinked computers operating on a standard protocol that allows information exchange. It is made up of computer networks, and individual computers throughout the world connected by phone lines, satellites and other telecommunication systems (Mà ¼ller 2011, p. 3). The original users of the Internet were researchers in the government and universities. Full commercial connection to the Internet only became available in the year 1990. The most popular early commercial activities on the Internet were email, advertising, and promotion. Until the mid 1990s, applications were mostly text based and marketing involved sending pl ain text messages (Mà ¼ller 2011, p. 5). However, the introduction of the World Wide Web completely changed things.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The adoption of the Internet has been fastest in countries with high gross domestic products and in countries where English is the first language or a widely spoken second language. Impact of Internet on Business Operations in General The Internet and related technologies offer an unprecedented opportunity for firms to benefit from the ability to gather information, promote their operations, and offer improved services to customers (Fletcher et al. 2004). A number of possible effects of the Internet on the marketing environment suggest that firms will experience fewer barriers to achieve efficiency. The impacts of the Internet include reduced importance of economies of scale, lower marketing communications costs, great er price standardization, and reduced information float time, increased contact between buyers and sellers, and changes in intermediary relationships (Fletcher et al. 2004). When it comes to search costs, the Internet increases the amount of information available to both buyers and sellers, and makes information available in a convenient and timely manner (Suder 2004, p.7). As far as contracting costs are concerned, the Internet makes it easier to compare ad negotiate prices and other terms, and to keep in touch with and monitor the performance of partners in business relationships (Mills Law 2005). Regarding coordination costs, the Internet generally reduces the costs of sharing information, and can automate and integrate many business processes. Because of these changes, the boundary between a firm and its environment is changing drastically. Markets are becoming more efficient and agile and firms must become more flexible and responsive to compete with a more dynamic market for exchange. Managers must increasingly deal with exchanges in the market place over which they have little control, rather than between subsidiaries, units, and employees over which they have administrative authority.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Internet on Company Operations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is, therefore, quite obvious that Internet and related technologies are strong agents of change. If a firm in a value chain starts doing business electronically, soon companies up and down the chain must follow suit and start using similar technologies or risk substitution in the activities of the chain. As a marketing channel, the Internet has a number of activities. First, the Internet has an ability to inexpensively store vast amounts of information at different virtual locations. Second, it offers a powerful and inexpensive means of searching, organizing and disseminating such information. Thi rd, it offers interactivity and the ability to provide information on demand. Fourth, it guarantees a firm the ability to provide perceptual experiences superior to those from the printed catalogue. The Internet can also serve as a physical distribution medium for certain goods such as software. It is also associated with relatively low entry and establishment costs for sellers (Suder 2004, p.14). Generally, the Internet is both a communications and marketing intelligence tool. As a communications tools, it can help to build and maintain effective communications with customers, distributors, and suppliers. The Internet facilitates this by providing a low cost method of communication with people locally or abroad. Besides transmitting in text form, the Internet can also transfer graphics and drawings at very high speed. Through the support offered by electronic communications, firms are now able to communicate quite smoothly and very cheaply, unlike in the past. It is thus obvious th at firms that are not prepared to embrace technology are in danger of being left behind. In terms of advertising and promotion, the Internet is an effective medium because people wherever they are can receive messages as they are transmitted. The information processing ability of the Internet is a market intelligence tool that acts as a link between firms and the external environment in which they operate. Effective management of information systems can be a powerful source of competitive advantage and the use of Internet for marketing intelligence enables firms to access information about the market with higher speed and at lower cost. Search engines and electronic surveys also provide useful tools for obtaining information about different markets locally or internationally. Firms that are interested in Internet marketing can access a variety of international information sources such as online newspapers and journals, country and industry market research reports, trade lists of sup pliers, agents and distributors as well as government contacts.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Industry Level Impacts According to Wallace (2004, p. 19), Internet technology may be used as a mechanism to facilitate an industry wide set of objectives. Developments in the UK accounting profession are a very good example of this. Although the primary use of the Internet within an organization is to communicate and access whatever information is needed, it may also be used to link collaborating organizations and ensure that they are able to work as a unit for their benefit and for the benefit of partners. However, on the other side of the coin, the market positions of some players may be strengthened, leading to improved market share (Wallace 2004, p. 21). Apart from the effects of the Internet mentioned above, it is also possible to come across other effects that may not be obvious. In general, a firm that uses the Internet is regarded by stake holders as being inventive and ambitious. The stake holders include customers, competitors, employees, and government. To clearly unders tand how the Internet impacts the industry, it is absolutely necessary to isolate interior and exterior impacts. Ordinarily, one will find that issues that are encountered differ from one firm to another significantly. The following sub section takes a look at how the Internet has revolutionized the operations at CPR Works. Background Information on CPR Works CPR Works was formed as a limited company in December 1994 and currently, the company has a turnover of slightly less that  £200,000 per annum (Barnes Hunt 2012). The company provides a public relations service to the heating and energy industries. CPR Works currently employs three full time staff members and sub-contracts any additional work to freelancers. The company uses two personal computers in its office premises, and the managing director uses a third personal computer at home. Since its inception, the company has been using computers to facilitate its business operations. Initially, the computers were introduced to enable CPR Works handle simple computer based operations such as word processing and management of access databases. A few years later, CPR Works managed to secure a leased line Internet service. Today, CPR has email, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Web, and Usenet facilities. Usually, the Internet service provider (ISP) charges CPR Works a small fee to maintain the Internet connection and ensure that all is well. Recently, the ISP provided CPR with a dedicated connection for some of its staff to operate away from the office. The Impact of the Internet on CPR’s Operations In terms of the model of Internet impacts, CPR Works demonstrated the following important developments: Communication The benefits of networking communications have been significant. In environments where operations are time bound, a slight improvement in communication is very quite critical. The outcome of these technological changes has brought a radical transformation to the entire communication system at C PR Works. One notable change has been the increased processing speed. With the kind of technology present at CPR, the firm is able to communicate much more quickly and at reduced costs. The presence of email and Usenet facilities implies that staff members can comfortably stay in touch with the organization from wherever they are. Once again, execution time is lessened and both CPR and its customers are a satisfied lot. Compared to operating without an Internet facility, the cost of managing an Internet connection through an ISP is negligible. CPR Works, therefore, stands to benefit greatly from the improved communication services. Customers are now able to contact staff members through email and Web based services such as Usenet. Obviously, the high level of availability and accessibility has resulted in outstanding services being offered to customers. Today, CPR Works enjoys the benefits of an efficient email communication system that enables it to stay in touch with customers, be sides guaranteeing smooth communication among staff members. Through effective use of the services provided by the Internet, CPR Works has also been able to improve its customer relations and this has led to repeat business from these customers. CPR Works uses mostly Microsoft Outlook for email communications, but employees are free to use any other email program. Some employees have, therefore, chosen to use Gmail, Yahoo mail, Hotmail, and other email based programs. To surf the Web, employees use various Web browsers. CPR Works prefers Internet Explorer, but staff members are also free to use other web browsers like Mozilla, Opera, Google Chrome to name but a few. Although these browsers generally function in a similar way, they tend to differ in terms of speed, security and other additional features that boost performance. Information Retrieval Through the use of Internet services, CPR Works can now easily monitor the activities of both its partners and clients. The Internet also enables CPR Works to monitor the activities of rival firms and to respond appropriately in retaliation. However, staff members are often concerned about the fact that they can not find time to sit at their computers as frequently as they would like to. With the help of technology, CPR Works is now able to securely store its data. This includes maintaining back up copies just in case a disaster occurs. The firm is able to facilitate easy retrieval of information using well designed databases. This easy retrieval of information eventually translates into speedy processing and improved business performance. With a working database in place, CPR is can interact more frequently with customers and partners. Interestingly, most of the interaction takes place through web based applications. More than anything else, the web based applications have played a big role in helping to lock in customers. Like other companies that use databases, CPR Works will need to improve its performance by pur chasing and configuring a database server to be used to service requests from client machines. The said client machines may be internal or external to the firm. Knowledge Management Increasingly, firms are realizing that besides capital, labor, and land, knowledge is also very critical to the success of business operations. Intellectual property is a synonym used to refer to knowledge management. Typically, knowledge is classified as tacit or explicit. Tacit knowledge exists within individuals and can not be easily reduced to the digital domain (Ian 2009, p. 9). Explicit knowledge on he other hand, can be recorded digitally in various forms. Some factors to consider in knowledge management include sharing of best practices, globalization, handling rapid change, dealing with down sizing, effective management of information and communication overload, embedding knowledge in products, and achieving a sustainable competitive advantage. By ensuring that best practices are freely shared, CPR is able to create a learning environment, and less skilled employees can get an opportunity to learn from the highly skilled staff members in the firm. This becomes particularly useful as the firm continues to expand in size. It is, however, necessary for CPR to put in place a scheme to motivate staff to share with colleagues what they are able to do effectively. Well managed knowledge will certainly create an opportunity for the research and development team at CPR to make available their research reports regarding the global business environment (Ian 2009, p. 12). This information can later be used to formulate effective marketing strategies. Usually, when an organization downsizes, it stands the risk of losing the best talent. Effective knowledge management is one way of ensuring that an organization maintains its knowledge even when an important employee leaves. Effective knowledge management will enable CPR to capture all the critical knowledge that resides within people an d put it in a digital form, ready to be accessed and used by other staff who are authorized to do so. It may be necessary to also ensure that such information is properly backed up and put in safe custody. With a good knowledge management system, CPR Works will also be able to stay ahead of its competitors. The firm will gain ideas regarding the market situations and what competitors are doing to get to succeed. With such information at its disposal, CPR will be able to device strategies that will allow it to take advantage of any available opportunities to defeat competitors. For a very long time, CPR was not able to place its knowledge in a digital form in order to facilitate easy access. Part of this is proper tracking of CPR Works’ relationships with its clients. With the new technological developments in the firm, however, it has now become possible to get this done. As has been highlighted above, effective knowledge management is very critical to the success of business operations and results to improved efficiency in different parts of the organization. Productivity By having information stored in a digital form, manipulation is simplified and CPR Works can utilize the information in numerous situations. This tremendously improves the response time of CPR Works’ campaigns. The fact that the information exists in a digital form also means that the same information may be used more than once to meet different needs. With Internet services in place, CPR’s marketing can now happen in a less stressful way (Daft 2000, p. 5). It is now also possible for CPR Works to receive details from clients in a much easier and faster way. Similarly, clients are able to get whatever information they need from the company quite speedily. In the past, clients would have to fax information to the company and the company would do the same in reply. Today, however, communications have tremendously been improved (Daft 2000, p. 7). To further strengthen its o perations, CPR should invest in effective electronic systems. With such systems in place, CPR will be in a better position to motivate all employees who will in turn ensure that delivery meets the standards expected by clients. A positive change in the level of productivity at CPR Works will immediately translate into improved profits, and a satisfied team of customers. Environment In most cases, change always meets with resistance. Employees often worry about the repercussions of the new developments. In the case of CPR Works, there have been considerable changes in the organization. Nevertheless, every employee was prepared, and the firm had already made all the technology purchases necessary to create the entry level environment for the new technology (Bak Stair 2011). Everyone within the organization is more focused on improving customer service. Although CPR Works already had much of the hardware needed for it to take advantage of what the Internet had to offer, there were oth er requirements that the company still had to provide and these had to come at a price. Generally, the increased use of the Internet has compelled employees to turn to the use of information technology. As a result, the business is now exposed to new risks that are technologically related. However, everyone is excited about using the new technology. Importantly, the company is changing the way it assesses data (Bak Stair 2011). This clearly represents a fundamental change to the internal environment. In the past data was received in whatever form, often by fax, and then manually input to spreadsheets for analysis. Now, data and processes are seen as dynamic and automated processes mean that minimal data entry is used. Conclusion Clearly, the Internet has had a significant impact on the CPR’s business contacts as well as its operations in general. All stake holders in the business environment have been impacted by the business in one way or another. In general, the Internet p resents a new platform for interacting with suppliers, customers, and partners. Using the Internet, a firm such as CPR will be able to access a much wider market that could extend beyond the borders. By and large, the greatest impact of the Internet on the way firms operate has been improved communication. Organization level Internet related impacts are also common. To a great extent, most of the impacts of the Internet on business operations have benefited many organizations. Ordinarily, no major change is expected within organizations since most of them have been using information technology for the longest. However, most of these organizations were forced to change in one way or another due to the onset of Internet. For most organizations, the Internet is a critical instrument that can be used to facilitate both individual and organizational growth. Although there are some negative impacts that have been associated with using the Internet, it has been beneficial to the business w orld in general. Reference List Bak, O Stair, N 2011, Impact of E-Business Technologies on Public and Private Organizations: Industry Comparisons and Perspectives, Idea Group Inc (IGI), Hershey, PA. Barnes, S Hunt, B 2012, E-Commerce and V-Business, CRC Press, Woburn, MA. Daft, RL Marcic, D 2010, Understanding Management, Cengage Learning, Bedford Row, London. Fletcher, R, Bell, J, McNaughton, R, McNaughton, RB 2004, International E-Business Marketing, Cengage Learning EMEA, Bedford Row, London. Ian, S 2009, Online Banking and the role of CRM: The impact of the internet as online business platform on CRM (Study of Online banking in the UK), GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt, Germany. Khosrow-Pour, M 2006, Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management: 2006 Information Resources Management Association International Conference, Washington, DC, USA, May 21-24, 2006, Volume 1, Idea Group Inc (IGI), Hershey, PA. Mills, JE Law, R 2005, Handbook of Consumer Behavior, Touri sm, and the Internet, Routledge, Binghamton, NY. Mà ¼ller, C 2011, The Impact of the Internet and Social Media on the Hotel Industry: How the Internet and Social Media have changed the Way Hotels Need to operate if they are to succeed in Todays Dynamic and Global Markets, GRIN Verlag, Norderstedt, Germany. Suder, GGS 2004, Terrorism and the International Business Environment: The Security-Business Nexus, Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton, MA. Wallace, P 2004, The Internet in the Workplace: How New Technology is Transforming Work, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.

How to Get a Full Ride Scholarship 5 Key Tips

How to Get a Full Ride Scholarship 5 Key Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips College is a huge investment - you spend a lot of time, energy, and money to earn a degree. Graduating from school means making financial sacrifices, but it also means reaping significant educational and professional rewards. But what if the whole money problem wasn’t an issue? What if you could go to school without worrying about tuition expenses or accruing interest? With a full ride scholarship, all your college costs are taken care of. Instead of thinking about paying your bills, you could focus on the important things: studying for that big exam or getting your term paper in on time. Here, I’ll lay out everything you need to know about how to get a full ride scholarship: what exactlyitis, who can get one, and where you can find them. What Is a Full Ride Scholarship? If you’ve already done your research on what college will cost, you’ll know that tuition isn’t the only expense you’ll be responsible for - you’ll also have to budget for room, board, fees, textbooks, transportation, and personal expenses. The amount of all of these expenses together is called the Cost of Attendance, or CoA. Depending on where you go to school, the CoA can come to over $200,000 for a bachelor’s degree. (For more information on college expenses, check out our guide to college costs). Full ride scholarships are special because they fully cover all college-related costs, meaning they pay for the entire CoA. A traditional â€Å"scholarship† is awarded based on merit, not on financial need - this means that a student could win a full ride award even if her family isn’t low-income. There are other avenues to getting a full ride beyondjust traditional scholarship programs, however. Free money is free money, whether you’re getting it based on merit or financial need, so in this post, I’ll address other ways to get your CoA covered besides the private scholarship route. The best strategy for how to geta full ride scholarship (and get all of your expenses covered) is to take a multi-pronged approach, applying toall of the following: Private scholarship programs (both merit- and need-based) Institutional need-based financial aid Institutional merit-based scholarships Private Full Ride Scholarship Awards Full ridescholarships seem almost too good to be true - how could you get all of your college costs covered, regardless of your family’s financial need? These sorts of scholarship programs do exist, but as you might imagine, they're not exactly common.Fewer than 20,000 students per year will earn a private full-ride scholarship award - that may sound like a lot, but consider that over 20 million students are expected to attend college this fall (so about 0.1% of students, or one in 1000, get full-ride scholarships). Because these scholarships are so competitive, there will be many qualified applicants who won’t end up with funding. This should not discourage you from applying, but don’t pin your hopes on any one of these awards - you should have solid backup plans if you're set on securing outside funding (I’ll address that later). Now for some good news: if you were worried about spending a bunch of time researching different scholarship programs, don’t be! We have some great guides on the top scholarship programs out there. Start off with our post on some of the best full ride scholarships, and then check out our guides to top scholarships for high school juniors and high school seniors. Full Ride Scholarships From Schools Kill two birds with one stone: get into a college and get a full ride with one application. Some schools will cover their own CoAs if you’re a particularly attractive applicant or have high financial need. To get a full scholarshipfrom any school, though, you'll have to be a very compelling applicant - either competitive enough to earn merit-based awards or academically strong enough to get into a top-ranked school. Here's some more information about merit-based and need-basedfull ride scholarships from schools. Schools That Offer Full Rides Based on Merit Traditional scholarship awards are based on merit, not necessarily on financial need. Some schools use scholarship awards to attract strong applicants regardless of their family’s financial situation. Top colleges don’t generally offer merit scholarships because they don’t have to attract competitive applicants (the applicant pool is already really strong). We have a list of 79 colleges that offer full ride scholarships - you may not be very familiar with the schools on this list, but if you’re academically or athletically strong with low financial need they may be good options for you. Schools That Offer Full Rides Based onFinancial Need Some of the best financial aid programs out there are at some of the most competitive schools - like Harvard, for example. Some schools have very generous financial aid programs that will cover the entire CoA for students with high financial need. Most schools with these types of programs are top private colleges. If you have high financial need and want to get a full ride from one of these top colleges,you'll have to focus your energy on getting in. For a list of schools with these generous aid policies, check out our guide to colleges with the best financial aid. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. 5 Steps to Winning a Full Ride Scholarship Now that you know wheretoget full ride scholarships, you'll want to know how to get a full ride scholarship. The following strategies will help you get an award no matter the funding source. In general, the things you can do to make yourself a strong college applicant will also make you a strong full ride scholarship candidate.If you’re a strong college applicant, you’ll also increase your chances of getting merit-based scholarships from schools. Finally, you’ll also be more competitive at top colleges that give generous need-based aid. This strategy guide will walk you through steps you can take to increase your chances of funding across the board. Your should start preparing forscholarship applications early - think Day 1 of your freshman year of high school. Scholarship programs and admissions officers evaluate applicants on many factors, most of which can’t be worked on at the last minute. To optimize your chances of winning a full scholarship award, you should be close to the top of your class with a strong background in leadership and community service. You should also have strong relationships with instructors and mentors who can write you glowing letters of recommendation. Finally, you should have a concrete plan in place so that you can get all application requirements in on time. There may be a lot of boxes to check, but this guide will help you get everything in order. Demonstrate Academic Excellence This isn’t just about a high GPA - it’s also about taking challenging courses. In order tostand out in a positive way, take as many advanced or AP classes as possible. If you're struggling in a particular subject (everyone has weaknesses), seek out extra help from teachers so that your grades don't suffer. If you're gunning for a truly excellent academic performance, aim for the top 10% of your class rankings. If you have your eye on some of the most famous full scholarships (like the Gates Millennium) you’ll likely need to be at the very top of your class to be a competitive applicant. Develop Leadership Skills Private scholarship committees, in particular, want to invest in future leadersand give awards to students whom they anticipate will go on to be successful in business, politics, academia, etc. The only way scholarship committees can evaluate future leadership potential is by looking at your past experience. In order to develop your own leadership skills, be an active classroom participant (teachers will be able to speak to your leadership potential in letters of recommendation). Raise your hand, volunteer to lead projects or groups, and help other students if possible. Join extracurricular groups, but focus on quality over quantity - choose clubs or activities that you'll stick with long-term. This will lead to more opportunities to move up to club officer or team captain roles. If there aren't many activities at school that spark your interest, look into starting your own club, activity, or charity. Invest in Community Service Private scholarship programs and schools alike want to invest in students who will â€Å"pay it forward† or students who will do good in the world. Show funding sources that you’re this type of person with a history of community service. Like with clubs and other extracurriculars, quality is more important than quantity. Try to pick something that you’re interested in early on and stick with it. Regular weekly participation is ideal.If you want ideas onwhere to start building volunteer experience, start with our guide on the nine best places to do community service work. Develop Relationships With Mentors and Instructors This step is important for a couple of reasons: It’s valuable to have mentors who can offer you trusted professional, personal, and academic advice. You should have people on your side who are willing to write strong letters of recommendation. Begin building these relationships by showing respect for your class, sports team, club,or activity. Show potential mentors and instructors that you are willing and able to actively participate. Follow up byseeingleaders for extra help and showing interest in the relevant subject area. We all need someone to go to when we have questions. Plan Ahead You’ll have quite a few deadlines to keep track of for both college and scholarship applications. Unfortunately, scholarship application deadlinescan be all over the place.Many of the top scholarships have deadlines early in your senior year, so prepare a list of scholarship programs that you want to apply to by the end of your junior year. It’s also important to give yourself enough time to complete applications, especially if you have to submit personal statements or essays. Also, keep in mind thatif you have to submit letters of recommendation, you should provide 10-12 weeks advance notice for letter-writers. What You Should Do If You Don't Think You'll Get a Full Ride Scholarship Let’s say you’re a good student, but you don’t think you’ll qualify for a full ride scholarship. Maybe you'renot academically strong enough to win a top merit-based scholarship or get into a top-ranked college, but you also don't demonstrateenough financial need to qualify for much aid. What are your next steps? A full ride is still a full ride even if it’s patch-workedtogether through multiple funding sources. Here are some things you can do to come up with a full ride: Apply broadly to many scholarship programs. This is essentially a numbers game: the more programs you apply to, the better your chances of winning one (or more) scholarships. Do some research into more targeted or local scholarship programs. Smaller scholarships may be less competitive than the big full ride programs. Focus on following the advice above on how to geta full ride scholarship. Even if you don't think you'll win a big award, building your skills, resume, and grades will give your funding chances a nice boost. What's Next? Private scholarships and institutional aid are great, but the backbone of college fundingoften comes in the form of federal aid. Learn more about the Pell Grant, Perkins loan, Direct Subsidized loan, and Direct Unsubsidized loan. Are you looking at full ride scholarships because you want to get through college debt-free? Read more about how to pay for college without taking out loans. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Human Resources Management in the Asia Pacific Essay

Human Resources Management in the Asia Pacific - Essay Example The region has, in fact, emerged as the world's largest consumer market" (Budhwar 2004). The enormous investment and business opportunities offered by Asia-Pacific to foreign entities have always been there. But the generally enigmatic character of this combined market initially discouraged many. MNCs, for example, used to find the Japanese market inhospitable, even impenetrable. As for China, the previous attitude of Saudi Arabia towards that country tells the whole story. Until the 1980s, observed the Brooking Institution in Washington, Saudi Arabia was unwilling to sell oil to China because of perceptions that it was a godless, revolutionary threat. Now, foreign investors and MNCs tread into the markets of all the Asia-Pacific countries on a welcome mat, such that the region has outflanked even EU as host to the most number of MNCs. But it would seem that MNCs have to sweat it out first to make their standard management and employment practices work in this region of widely divergent cultures. "The subject matter of our project is that international organizations are faced with the problem of providing people from differing cultural contexts with a working framework that enables successful co-operation. On the basis of original research, our intention is to extend the knowledge of the internal and external relationships of work groups in various cultural contexts. As co-operation processes play a central role in teams we focus on processes centred on co-operation in and between groups with teams understood as social systems which define themselves in relation to their organizational and social surroundings"(Brewster, Harris, 279: 1999). To understand the challenges inherent in this task, it would be helpful to take up a hypothetical case, say, a consultant assigned by an Australian-based MNC to prepare the ground for the company's foray into a joint venture with an Asia-Pacific market. The first thing to consider is that there is no existing HRM literature here, such that the concept may be new or non-existent in some regions. If these materials are available at all, companies in a particular country may be using different HRM systems. Thus, it is imperative that the MNC consultant develops a new HRM framework that factors in the employment systems being observed by the local company it intends to partner with. The management practices employed by both managers and non-management labour must be fused into this framework. For the purpose of our hypothesis, we pick China as target destination of the Australian MNC since this market exhibits many of the peculiarities of the Asia-Pacific economies. Like many countries in the region, China has responded to the clarion call for globalization by switching to a market economy. This called for the dismantling of state apparatus that planned and controlled the economy, which gave rise to such anomalies as high employment rates but low wages, high welfare and low productivity.  Ã‚  

Municipal Budgtes Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Municipal Budgtes - Speech or Presentation Example Main types are line – item and program budgets (NACSLB 37). Thus, neither budgeting method is perfect as each serves a different purpose: such as performance maximization or objective – activity alignment. A perfect budget should satisfy twelve principles. As indicated in the definition of the budget process, these principles are creation of goals based on stakeholder analysis, their implementation, including efficiency analysis and adjustments (NACSLB, 1999, p.5). The first type is line – item budget. This approach arose at the beginning of the 20th century (Tyer & Willand). It lists categories of expenses, such as â€Å"personnel, operating and capital expenses† (Tyer & Willand). Incremental approach belongs to this type as well. In this approach, previous year’s budget is adjusted for legislative changes, price, wage inflation and any other change that might take place in the new fiscal year (Northern Ireland Assembly 5). Since changes take place on a marginal basis in comparison to the last year’s levels, the base, this method is called incremental budgeting (Northern Ireland Assembly 5). This method saves time and resources. ... Incremental budgeting method is based on negotiations and compromise (Northern Ireland Assembly 5). Wages and allocations of resources are negotiated, and oftentimes based on political decisions. As a result, this type of budgeting is efficient only if the political system is stable and transparent (Northern Ireland Assembly 5). Otherwise, the budget will favor few at the expense of the majority. Moreover, this method has several disadvantages. The first disadvantage is the fact that this method is backward looking since it is based on a previous year’s budget. As a result, it does not make adjustments for unexpected changes. Moreover, performance is hard to evaluate in this method, as it is based on compromise rather than standards such as cost minimization. Thus, data tend to be outdated, inconsistent with new priorities and say nothing about efficiency (O’Connor 2). Though still used even in some fire departments, such as the Muscatine Fire Department, efficiency mea surement capabilities of other methods make it an unattractive option (O’Connor 2). In response to line – item budget disadvantages, performance budgets were established in the 1950’s (Tyer & Willand). Such budgets emphasize activities, rather than items paid, and focus on connecting performance with allocation of resources (Tyer & Willand). As a result, each such budget must contain information on inputs, output, productivity or efficiency, and level of objective implementation, e.g. number of miles to be swept during the fiscal year (Morgan 6). Before budget design, objectives and measurement tools must be set up to evaluate each proposed activity. After

Using Groucho Marx, illustrate the progression from vaudeville, to Essay

Using Groucho Marx, illustrate the progression from vaudeville, to movies, to radio, to television in the history of popular culture. Be explicit about the time - Essay Example By studying the career of Groucho Marx in detail, much about the history of popular culture could be learned. Marx, having lived and performed in the first half of the twentieth century, bore witness to the advances in the way entertainment will be produced and delivered. Hence, Marx’s progress as a performer is interlinked with the revolutionary technological advancements of the day. (The Best of Groucho, 37) Vaudeville was a highly innovative form of entertainment that was very popular during the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. It comprised a series of short but action-packed â€Å"acts† that could range from comedy skits to dance and music to mimicry. The acts were performed for a direct audience similar to the contemporary theatre and hence required the actors to possess qualities of spontaneity and talents for ad-libbing. Groucho Marx was a prominent exponent of this form of entertainment. The comedy team of the Marx Brothers is best remembered for how they induced convulsions of laughter in the audience. Groucho’s quick wit and funny insults during the Vaudeville days are still remembered fondly by his fans. (The Best of Groucho, 37) The Marx Brothers’ made a move into a more conventional form of performance art when they worked for the Broadway show â€Å"I’ll Say She Is†. The success of this show led to the more popular shows like The Cocoanuts (1925) and Animal Crackers (1928). This was about the time when silent movies were taking centre stage. It led to both Cocoanuts and Animal Crackers being made into â€Å"talkies†. Its success led to further silent movie offers from Paramount Studios – Monkey Business (1931), Horse Feathers (1932) and Duck Soup (1933). Although these movies were regarded as classics by the critics, their box-office returns were uninspiring, leading to speculation that the Marx Brothers’ days in Hollywood were at an end. (Rosten 104). But

Ill attach the document that has the questions Essay

Ill attach the document that has the questions - Essay Example Due to this pressure exerted on the pistons, the pistons in turn exert friction on the brake pads hence producing a clamping force on the rotating disc attached to the wheel disc. This clamping force is what is responsible for stopping the rotation disc hence the wheel. Figure 1 below shows the working principle of a braking system. [3] Figure 1 How do design & operational requirements influence material property requirements for the brake disc? The center of a brake disc contains bearings such that as the vehicle drivers presses the brake pad, the disc is mounted on the axle and is held in to place by the wheel. When brakes are applied, a lot of heat is generated due to the friction between the braking surfaces. Therefore, materials chosen for the construction of the brake parts should be able to withstand very high temperatures. Also, the brake disc runs at a certain high speed in the process of stopping the motion of a wheel. [1] The most widely used brake disc material was cast i ron but it was found to consume a lot of fuel due to its high specific gravity. This has seen exploitation of other lightweight materials to replace cast iron. The materials for use in designing the brake disc must have a low cost per unit property and also meet the digital logic condition. Therefore, materials used for brake systems must have a stable and reliable frictional and wear properties under varying conditions of load, velocity, temperature and environment, and high durability. [6] Therefore the several factors to be considered when selecting a brake disc material include the ability of the brake disc material to withstand high friction and less abrasive wear and ability to withstand the high temperature evolved due to friction. Another important factors that are of importance in consideration during the brake disc design is the cost of the whole process and the weight of the materials to be used. [1] Material selection exercise for brake disc One of the most fundamental a bility of a material for the manufacture of a brake disc is the material to be able to reduce friction and less wear and tear. It must also be able to properly function even in high temperatures. The brake disc must also have enough thermal storage capacity to prevent distortion or cracking due to thermal stress. This is not particularly important in a single stop but it is crucial in the case of repeated stops from high speed. Sometimes it may be unimportant to consider the cost of materials to be used if the material is to perform a critical function in space i.e. beryllium for structural components, iridium for radiation screening. Also in case it is to be used in medical procedures i.e. gold tooth fillings and in equipment for highly competitive sports for instance one racing motorcycle had a cylinder-head made of solid silver for its high thermal conductivity. [12] The model for brake disc In Fig. 1 below, a brake disk can be idealized as two beams having length L, depth b and thickness h, locked together at their ends. Each of the beam is loaded in bending when the brake is applied, and because braking generates heat, it therefore gets hot. The stiffness S of the beam is also critical. If the stiffness is inadequate then the disc will flex, impairing braking efficiency and allowing vibration. Its ability to transmit heat, too, is critical since part of the heat

Law of Tort Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law of Tort - Assignment Example Under the legal contour, foresee connotes the magnitude upon which something can be known well in advance. One cannot be held accountable for an injury happened due to one’s demeanour under the negligence in tort unless the risk of that harm was perceptible or foreseeable. In tort, under negligence, the foreseeability is established by a looking into whether the risk of harm is known to the perpetrator through constructive knowledge well in advance. Foreseeability is looked into on what the perpetrator knew or by reasonable assessment of the scenario. In determining what the standard of care owes by the perpetrator, foreseeability plays a significant role. A person will be held accountable for negligence under tort only if he is able to foresee on happening of an event well before . The origin of duty of care can be said to be derived from the case law Donoghue v Stevenson where the claimant was ill after drinking some of the ginger beer where the remains of a dead snail were noticed .In this land mark case, the manufacture was held liable as he owed a duty of care to the claimants by the House of Lords. In this case, Lord Atkin advanced the â€Å"neighbour principle† that one should take adequate care to prevent omissions or acts which one can rationally foresee would likely to injure his neighbour . 2. In Macpherson v Buick Motor Co3, a duty of reasonable care is reposed on all foreseeable consumers of a product and not limited to those in privity of contract whenever it can be foreseeable that damage will result if the product is faulty. For instance, if a washing machine manufacturer supplies a defective product and if A buys the same and sustains harm, then A is definitely a foreseeable consumer for defective washing machine manufacturer. Hence, unde r Macpherson, the manufacturer owes a duty of reasonable care to A under tort law4. It is to be noted that in Smith New Court Securities v Citibank5 , for the recoverable damage, the test for foreseeability was extended whereas it was not extended in an action in deceit, which is another tort of negligence6. In a negligent action, to establish the element of duty, it is essential to prove that the defendant owed an obligation to the plaintiff who suffered harm. Thus, the duty of care by the defendant should be owed not only to the plaintiff but also will include the others within a certain magnitude along with the plaintiff due to the actions of the plaintiff. Under the zone of danger concept, there is a duty on the defendant that he should reasonably foresee or expect his actions to impact. Thus, if an injury has happened beyond the zone of danger and no negligence can be shown, then the defendant owes no duty to others. For the weird chain-reaction or remote incidents, there can b e no recovery for injuries from the defendant7. If the defendant demeanour proximately created harm to the plaintiff, then the occurrence shall be held to be non-remote, and if it is not, then, it is said to be happened remote. Under the world-at-large concept, defendant is needed to foresee more remote chances of harm to individuals not in the adjacent area and of harms not as willingly predictable to happen from his demeanour. Under this concept, the defendant is anticipated to recognise all individuals in the adjacent a

Ill attach the document that has the questions Essay

Ill attach the document that has the questions - Essay Example Due to this pressure exerted on the pistons, the pistons in turn exert friction on the brake pads hence producing a clamping force on the rotating disc attached to the wheel disc. This clamping force is what is responsible for stopping the rotation disc hence the wheel. Figure 1 below shows the working principle of a braking system. [3] Figure 1 How do design & operational requirements influence material property requirements for the brake disc? The center of a brake disc contains bearings such that as the vehicle drivers presses the brake pad, the disc is mounted on the axle and is held in to place by the wheel. When brakes are applied, a lot of heat is generated due to the friction between the braking surfaces. Therefore, materials chosen for the construction of the brake parts should be able to withstand very high temperatures. Also, the brake disc runs at a certain high speed in the process of stopping the motion of a wheel. [1] The most widely used brake disc material was cast i ron but it was found to consume a lot of fuel due to its high specific gravity. This has seen exploitation of other lightweight materials to replace cast iron. The materials for use in designing the brake disc must have a low cost per unit property and also meet the digital logic condition. Therefore, materials used for brake systems must have a stable and reliable frictional and wear properties under varying conditions of load, velocity, temperature and environment, and high durability. [6] Therefore the several factors to be considered when selecting a brake disc material include the ability of the brake disc material to withstand high friction and less abrasive wear and ability to withstand the high temperature evolved due to friction. Another important factors that are of importance in consideration during the brake disc design is the cost of the whole process and the weight of the materials to be used. [1] Material selection exercise for brake disc One of the most fundamental a bility of a material for the manufacture of a brake disc is the material to be able to reduce friction and less wear and tear. It must also be able to properly function even in high temperatures. The brake disc must also have enough thermal storage capacity to prevent distortion or cracking due to thermal stress. This is not particularly important in a single stop but it is crucial in the case of repeated stops from high speed. Sometimes it may be unimportant to consider the cost of materials to be used if the material is to perform a critical function in space i.e. beryllium for structural components, iridium for radiation screening. Also in case it is to be used in medical procedures i.e. gold tooth fillings and in equipment for highly competitive sports for instance one racing motorcycle had a cylinder-head made of solid silver for its high thermal conductivity. [12] The model for brake disc In Fig. 1 below, a brake disk can be idealized as two beams having length L, depth b and thickness h, locked together at their ends. Each of the beam is loaded in bending when the brake is applied, and because braking generates heat, it therefore gets hot. The stiffness S of the beam is also critical. If the stiffness is inadequate then the disc will flex, impairing braking efficiency and allowing vibration. Its ability to transmit heat, too, is critical since part of the heat

Federal Reserve Money Train Activity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Federal Reserve Money Train Activity - Assignment Example The discount rate has its many affects on the economy. The discount rate will determine if the Federal Reserve is going to allow banks to lend at higher or lower rates. Deciding to raise the discount rate will increase overall lending rates and slow down the rate at which consumers are buying. If fewer loans are taken out it is likely that spending is also less. This is important to slow economic growth to prevent inflation, low unemployment rates and too high of a GDP. Discount rates are truly a large participator when it comes to the government’s role of increasing or decreasing economy growth. Open market operations affect the economy as they control whether or not bonds are to be made more or less available. The purchasing of bonds will allow for less money for the government. Selling bonds will allow for more money for the government. Deciding to sell bonds will allow for an increase in economic growth as it will allow more available in the economy. Buying bonds will minimize what is in the economy and cause the economy to shrink. The use of open market operations depends on the size the economy needs to be in order to be successful and grow at the appropriate

Stable President Essay Example for Free

Stable President Essay 1. Do presidents have so much power that they can almost guarantee reelection to more than two terms? Instead of starting a second term knowing he could not serve again, the president would be able to keep congress and the public guessing, thereby retain their influence until the last minute. There was a great belief early on of steadiness for America, and to achieve that there must be a stable president, so it was more likely back then to be reelected opposed to getting change. Presidents were arguably more effective if their opponents assumed they would be running for another term. 2. Does the two-term limit weaken the president’s ability to influence the course of the nation in the second term? Washington’s two term presidency was applauded, but the founders did not encourage a term limit. They argued that such a limit would have weakened the public’s voice in keeping the president honest. Presidents are then again, more effective if their allies and opponents assume they may be running for another term. Otherwise, they will lose their influence. 3. What checks and balances ensure that presidents can be held accountable even if they are lame ducks? The office carries such great power that lame duck status may keep presidents from abusing their power even as lame ducks, they retain significant influence on Capitol Hill in their fifth and sixth years. The founders believed that elections serve to discipline the president for his actions, while the four-year term provides enough time to achieve policy results. They believed that steadiness in administration would help the country survive its early years, while giving the president a reason to create policies that would help the nation long into the future. PAGE 353 4. In one or two paragraphs explain the president’s responsibility in each of the three roles discussed in the chapter Presidents work as Morale Builders by projecting a sense of national unity and authority. Through their everyday actions, they are bale to arouse despair, hope, honor or dishonor. Building more morale simply means unlocking a sense of public good for the nation. For example, the weeks following September 11th Bush needed to boost the morale of America to instill the hope among all the pain. Presidents work as Agenda Setters by for proposing initiatives in foreign policy and economic growth. They seek out new campaigns to later be defined by office staff. They make new economic policy to keep unemployment low, social policy to support legislation, and national security to uphold strong presidential authority in the area. Presidents work as Persuaders through using skillful campaigning to win over the hearts of Americans. They have reduced the number of press conferences over the past five decades, and instead public press conferences have gained leverage. PAGE 354 12. List the three main causes of conflict between the president and Congress Presidential Mandates is a cause of conflict because the winner-take-all system tends to make the president’s popular vote look larger than it really is. Mandates also determine public approval for whether or not the President is just in opinion on specific policies. Public Approval causes conflict due to the depending on public approval and how it usually falls over a given time. Presidents benefit instead from rally points, spikes in public approval following a domestic crisis. This could boost a President’s followers over a very short amount of time due to the events happening in the present. Reputation often causes conflict by the fact that the longer presidents stay in office, the better they get at being president. They can learn how to persuade people by giving them what they want to hear, how to show the right image to the people, and how to operate. Presidents also gain knowledge of how to shield the bad.